E-prescribing and access to prescription medicines during lockdown: experience of patients in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

BACKGROUND: Health services internationally have been compelled to change their methods of service delivery in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, to mitigate the spread of infection amongst health professionals and patients. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, widespread electronic delivery of prescriptions (e-prescribing) was enabled. The aim of the research was to explore patients' experiences of how lockdown, changes to prescribing and the interface between general practices and community pharmacy affected access to prescription medications. METHOD: The research employed a mixed-method approach. This included an online survey (n = 1,010) and in-depth interviews with a subset of survey respondents (n = 38) during the first COVID-19 lockdown (March-May 2020). Respondents were recruited through a snowballing approach, starting with social media and email list contacts of the research team. In keeping with the approach, descriptive statistics of survey data and thematic analysis of qualitative interview and open-ended questions in survey data were combined. RESULTS: For most respondents who received a prescription during lockdown, this was sent directly to the pharmacy. Most people picked up their medication from the pharmacy; home delivery of medication was rare (4%). Survey and interview respondents wanted e-prescribing to continue post-lockdown and described where things worked well and where they encountered delays in the process of acquiring prescription medication. CONCLUSIONS: E-prescribing has the potential to improve access to prescription medication and is convenient for patients. The increase in e-prescribing during lockdown highlighted how the system could be improved, through better feedback about errors, more consistency across practices and pharmacies, more proactive communication with patients, and equitable prescribing costs.

Ifema hospital model. Implementation and start-up of the Pharmacy Department.

On the 20th of March 2020, triggered by the public health emergency declared,  the Health Authorities in Madrid reported a legal instruction (Orden 371/2020)  indicating the organization of a provisional hospital to admit patients with  COVID-19 at the Trade Fair Institution (IFEMA). Several pharmacists working in  the Pharmacy and Medical Devices Department of the Madrid Regional Health  Service were called to manage the Pharmacy Department of the  abovementioned hospital. Required permissions to set up a PD were here  authorized urgently. Tackling human and material resources, and computer  systems for drug purchase and electronic prescription, were some of the initial  issues that hindered the pharmaceutical provision required for patients from the  very day one. Once the purchase was assured, mainly by direct purchase from suppliers, drug dispensing up to 1,250 hospitalized patients (25 nursing units) and 8 ICU patients was taken on. Dispensing was carried out  through either drug stocks in the nursing units or individual patient dispensing  for certain drugs. Moreover, safety issues related to prescription were  considered, and as the electronic prescription was implemented we attained  100% prescriptions review and validation. The constitution of a multidisciplinary  Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee let agree to a pharmacotherapy guide,  pres cription protocols, therapeutic equivalences, interactions, and drug  dispensing circuits. The Pharmacy Department strategy was to ensure a very  quick response to basic tasks keeping the aim to offer a pharmaceutical care of  the highest quality whenever possible. Working under a health emergency  situation, with many uncertainties and continuous pressure was a plight.  However, the spirit of collaboration in and out of the Pharmacy Department was  aligned with the whole hospital motivation to offer the highest quality of  healthcare. These were possibly the keys to allow caring for almost 4,000  patients during the 42 days that the hospital lasted.

El día 20 de marzo de 2020 la Consejería de Sanidad publicó una Orden  (371/2020) para la apertura de un centro hospitalario provisional para atender a  pacientes COVID-19 en la Institución Ferial de Madrid (IFEMA), por razón de  emergencia sanitaria. Se dispuso un equipo de farmacéuticos de la Subdirección  General de Farmacia y Productos Sanitarios para la apertura de un Servicio de  Farmacia, que obtuvo la autorización correspondiente por el órgano competente, con carácter de urgencia. La gestión de recursos humanos,  materiales y de herramientas informáticas para la adquisición y prescripción  electrónica fueron unas de las primeras dificultades que se solaparon con el  primer reto de garantizar la prestación farmacéutica a los pacientes que atendía  el hospital desde el mismo día uno. Asegurada la adquisición, fundamentalmente  mediante la compra directa a proveedores, se planteó la  dispensación para un máximo de 1.250 pacientes de hospitalización (25  controles de enfermería) y una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de 8 pacientes;  se establecieron botiquines en las unidades de enfermería y circuitos  individualizados de dispensación para determinados medicamentos. A su vez,  desde el primer momento se trabajó en la seguridad en la prescripción, llegando  a la revisión y validación del 100% de los tratamientos, una vez instaurada la  prescripción electrónica. La creación de una  Comisión de Farmacia y Terapéutica multidisciplinar permitió consensuar la guía farmacoterapéutica, protocolos de  prescripción, equivalencias terapéuticas, interacciones y circuitos de  dispensación de medicamentos. La estrategia del Servicio de Farmacia se basó  en asegurar una respuesta rápida en las funciones básicas, sin perder la visión  de incorporar una atención farmacéutica de la máxima calidad posible a medida  que iba siendo factible. A pesar de un escenario adverso, de incertidumbre y  presión continuas por la emergencia sanitaria, se ha mantenido un espíritu de  colaboración y contribución dentro y fuera del Servicio de Farmacia, alineado con un objetivo común de trabajo en equipo para brindar una atención sanitaria rápida y de la mayor calidad posible. Posiblemente éstas han sido las claves del  éxito que han permitido atender a casi 4.000 pacientes en los 42 días de vida  del hospital.